Current in vitro models have played important roles in improving knowledge and understanding of cellular and molecular biology, but cannot exactly recapitulate the physiology of human tissues such as thyroid. In this article, we conducted a systematic review to present scientific and methodological time-trends of the reconstruction and generation of 3 D functional thyroid follicles and organoids for thyroid research in health and disease.

A better understanding of key regulatory pathways involved in cancers has led to the development of molecularly targeted therapies. Molecular profiling based on genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in tumors provides clinicians with the necessary information to maintain a personalized therapeutic regimen according to the patient's needs

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that is associated with elevated blood glucose levels. Sulfonylureas (SFUs) are the most widely used among the oral antidiabetic drugs that are highly metabolized by cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 (CYP2C9). The CYP2C9 has been shown to be associated with a better glycemic response to SFUs and a lower treatment failure rate. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of the CYP2C9 rs1067910 gene variant on the SFUs response in a group of Iranian patients for the first time.

Purpose: Personalized medicine (PM) is the concept of managing patients based on their characteristics, including genotypes. In the field of cardiology, advantages of PM could be found in the diagnosis and treatment of several conditions such as arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies; moreover, it may be beneficial to prevent adverse drug reactions (ADR) and select the best medication. Genetic background can help us in selecting effective treatments, appropriate dose requirements, and preventive strategies in individuals with particular genotypes.